Itchy Throat
Overview
Getting the tickle out
So you woke up this morning with an ominous little tickle in the back of your throat. Does it mean you're coming down with something serious?
The bad news: a scratchy throat is a common forerunner to a full-blown cold. The good news: being aware that you may be on the brink of a cold is the perfect opportunity for you to take good care of yourself to minimize your symptoms.
A scratchy throat might not just be an indicator of an approaching cold. It might stem from another form of irritation, such as allergies, pollution, dry air, or acid coming up from your stomach. Once you identify the source of your scratchy throat, proper treatment can begin.
You can minimize your scratchy throat while your body mounts a natural response to its underlying cause. Many over-the-counter medicines can help ease your scratchy throat. Many herbal and self-help therapies are available too.
Detailed Description
Postnasal drip, or PND, is frequently the cause of a scratchy throat. Healthy sinuses normally produce about a quart of clear, thin mucus daily. It cleans, warms, and humidifies air before you pull it into your lungs. Normally, you swallow this mucus without ever noticing it. But when it thickens as a result of irritation or infection, it greatly irritates your throat.
The common cold, flu, and other upper respiratory tract infections can all cause disturbances of the postnasal mucus and, in turn, throat scratchiness. The throat often becomes aggravated as a result of throat infection, or pharyngitis.
Scratchy throat is a common side effect of air conditioning or heating. The dry air that circulates in an air-conditioned or heated room can cause the mucus of the nasal passages to thicken, thus irritating the throat. Cigarette smoke irritates the back of the throat as well, causing throat itchiness for smokers and passers-by alike. Pollution aggravates the throat in much the same way.
Interestingly, a bad case of heartburn can bring on a scratchy or sore throat. Heartburn happens when acid from the stomach creeps up the esophagus toward the throat. If the acid reaches the delicate skin of the throat, it can cause a tickling or burning sensation. Persistent heartburn is also called reflux esophagitis.
Conventional Treatment
Goals of Treatment
A scratchy throat can be one symptom of a number of medical problems.
If a postnasal drip is causing your scratchy throat, several over-the-counter medications are available to reduce or thin the mucus of the nasal passages. This treatment may be best suited for throat scratchiness associated with other illnesses, such as the common cold or allergies.
If irritants such as pollution or cigarette smoke are causing your scratchy throat, try to decrease your exposure. If you believe acid reflux is the culprit, try an nonprescription antacid or H2 blocker (for example, Tagamet) or consult with your doctor about your condition.
Treatment Options
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Dietary modifications
Adapt your diet according to the underlying problem. If a cold or flu is causing your scratchy throat, you might switch to a diet high in vitamin C for a while, as this may help boost your immune system. If you suspect that your scratchy throat is related to acid reflux, you might attempt eating smaller, less fatty meals, and cutting down on alcohol consumption.
Consider limiting your caffeine and alcohol intake, as these diuretics can dry the nasal passages. If you continue to consume them, compensate by drinking plenty of water. The following fluids may also help soothe a scratchy, irritated throat:
- Herbal teas
- Fruit juices
- Clear soups or broths
Self care & Prevention
Preventing Scratchy Throat
It is not likely that you can prevent yourself from ever getting a scratchy throat. But by following the suggested treatment options, you may be able to minimize the severity of a scratchy throat once you do get it.
Self-Care Measures
The following suggestions may help ease that scratchy throat and prevent it from getting any worse.
- Don't smoke — it's a major throat and respiratory irritant.
- Avoid other respiratory irritants, including dust, chemical fumes, and any fine particulates.
- Suck on sore throat lozenges or hard candies, which have a soothing effect.
- Drink plenty of hot liquids — they also soothe a sore throat.
- Gargle with warm water. Some people prefer warm salt water (one-quarter teaspoon per four ounces of water).
When to Call the Doctor
Seek medical attention if:
- Your postnasal drip is thick, colored, and lasts for more than one week
- You have a fever
- You have facial pain
- Your are coughing up mucus from the lungs
- Your throat scratchiness is accompanied by a sore throat, throat clearing, or hoarseness
- You have difficulty breathing or swallowing
Last updated 10 November 2011
Causes
Possible Underlying Causes
A scratchy throat happens when the mucus produced behind the nasal area thickens and causes a sensation of slight touch on the throat. It can also happen when acid from the stomach creeps up the esophagus and irritates the throat (a phenomenon known as reflux esophagitis). The continued aggravation from coughing or constant clearing of the throat, especially after an upper respiratory or throat infection, can also cause a scratchy sensation.
Triggers of Scratchy Throat
- Pharyngitis
- Laryngitis
- Cold or flu
- Allergies
- Smoking and secondhand smoke
- Air conditioning or heating
- Heartburn/reflux esophagitis
- Yelling or screaming/excessive talking
Diagnosing the Underlying Cause
Many factors can cause throat scratchiness. While it may irritate you, a scratchy throat is usually harmless. If you believe that none of the following causes applies to you and you are concerned about your symptoms, talk with your family doctor to rule out the possibility of a more serious problem.
Here are several possible causes of the typical scratchy throat:
Scratchy throat:
- Allergies. Inflammation of the nasal passages caused by allergic reaction, resulting in postnasal drip.
- Smoke. Aggravation of the nasal passages due to smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke.
- Air conditioning and heating. Dry air can deplete the nasal passages of its normal moisture, resulting in irritation of the nasal passages and postnasal drip.
- Throat irritation from coughing. This can happen especially after a recent illness involving a cough. A sensation of something foreign in the throat causes constant throat-clearing, even though the throat is clear.
Scratchy throat after meals:
- Acid reflux Stomach acid travels to the esophagus and irritates the skin at the back of the throat.
Scratchy throat accompanied by cough, headache, or fever:
Consult your doctor if your scratchy throat is accompanied by cough, headache, or fever. You could possibly have one of the following:
- Viral infection such as the common cold or flu
- Pharyngitis (inflammation of the throat)
- Tonsilitis (inflammation of the tonsils)
- Sinusitis (infection of the sinuses)
- Vocal chord polyps, nodules, or ulcers
- Mumps (an infectious viral disease)
- Viral pneumonia
- Mononucleosis (an infectious viral disease)
- Strep throat (a bacterial infection)
Diagnostic Procedures
If your physician believes that a significant underlying condition or disorder is causing your scratchy throat, he or she may perform diagnostic tests as appropriate to determine the cause of your throat irritation.